Operators are symbols that perform arithmetic and other operations. Operators are fundamental concepts that all programmers must understand. Python has several types of operators. So, what exactly are the Python operators?
This time, we’ll talk about the Python language’s operators.
Arithmetic Operators
Arithmetic operators are operators that are used to perform mathematical operations. Addition, subtraction, multiplication, and so on are examples of mathematical operations. The arithmetic operators’ symbols and descriptions are as follows:
| Operator | Description |
|---|---|
| * | Addition |
| – | Subtraction |
| * | Multiplication |
| / | Division (float) |
| % | Modulus |
| ** | Power |
| // | Division (floor) |
Example of arithmetic operators:
print(2 + 3) # addition print(2 - 3) # subtraction print(2 * 3) # multiplication print(3 / 2) # division (float) print(3 % 2) # modulus print(3 ** 2) # power print(3 // 2) # division (floor)
Output:
5 -1 6 1.5 1 9 1
Comparison Operators
A value is compared using the comparison operator. This operator will return True or False based on the comparison results. This operator is typically used in the condition of a branch. The following are the comparison operator symbols:
| Operator | Description |
|---|---|
| > | Greater than |
| < | Less than |
| == | Equal to |
| >= | Greater than or equal to |
| <= | Less than or equal to |
| != | Not equal to |
| is | x is the same as y |
| is not | x is not the same as y |
Example of comparison operators:
a = 2 b = 3 print(a > b) # greater than print(a < b) # less than print(a == b) # equal to print(a >= b) # greater than or equal to print(a <= b) # less than or equal to print(a != b) # not equal to print(a is b) # a is the same as b print(a is not b) # a is not the same as b
Output:
False True False False True True False True
Related post: Check Prime Number in Python With Flowchart
Logical Operators
Logical operators are operators that are used to combine multiple conditional statements. These operators include logical AND, logical OR, and logical NOT. The symbols used are as follows:
| Operator | Description |
|---|---|
| and | Logical AND |
| or | Logical OR |
| not | Logical NOT |
Example of logical operators:
a = True b = False print(a and b) # logical AND print(a or b) # logical OR print(not a) # Logical NOT
Output:
False True False
Bitwise Operators
The bitwise operator is a type of operator that is used to perform binary number operations. This operation is carried out bit by bit. As for some symbols used in bitwise operations, they are as follows:
| Operator | Description |
|---|---|
| & | Bitwise AND |
| | | Bitwise OR |
| ~ | Bitwise NOT |
| ^ | Bitwise XOR |
| >> | Bitwise right shift |
| << | Bitwise left shift |
Example of bitwise operators:
a = 10 b = 6 print(a & b) # bitwise AND print(a | b) # bitwise OR print(~a) # bitwise NOT print(a ^ b) # bitwise XOR print(a >> 2) # bitwise right shift print(a << 2) # bitwise left shift
Output:
2 14 -11 12 2 40
Assignment Operators
A type of operator that is used to assign a value to a variable is the assignment operator. This assignment operator employs the following symbols:
| Operator | Description |
|---|---|
| = | Assign value of right side of expression to left side operand |
| += | Add AND: Add right-side operand with left side operand and then assign to left operand |
| -= | Subtract AND: Subtract right operand from left operand and then assign to left operand |
| *= | Multiply AND: Multiply right operand with left operand and then assign to left operand |
| /= | Divide (float) AND: Divide left operand with right operand and then assign to left operand |
| %= | Modulus AND: Takes modulus using left and right operands and assign the result to left operand |
| **= | Exponent AND: Calculate exponent (raise power) value using operands and assign value to left operand |
| //= | Divide (floor) AND: Divide left operand with right operand and then assign the value (floor) to left operand |
| &= | Performs bitwise AND on operands and assign value to left operand |
| |= | Performs bitwise OR on operands and assign value to left operand |
| ^= | Performs bitwise XOR on operands and assign value to left operand |
| >>= | Performs bitwise right shift on operands and assign value to left operand |
| <<= | Performs bitwise left shift on operands and assign value to left operand |
Example of assignment operators:
a = 2 # assign value b = a print(b) # add AND b += a print(b) # subtract AND b -= a print(b) # multiply AND b *= a print(b) # bitwise left shift b <<= a print(b)
Output:
2 4 2 4 16
Related post: Python Data Types With Examples
Membership Operators
The membership operation is used to determine whether or not a value exists in a variable. There are two membership operators in Python in and not in.
| Operator | Description |
|---|---|
| in | Return True if value is found in the sequence |
| not in | Return True if value is not found in the sequence |
Example of membership operators:
ls = [1, 5, 3, 7] a = 2 print(a in ls) print(a not in ls)
Output:
False True
Conclusion
These are some of the operators available in the Python programming language. You can see other python operators on W3Schools. If you have any questions, please leave them in the comments section.
Thank you. Hopefully, the discussion this time will add to our understanding.
